I. Mechanism of action (triple target synergy)
GLP-1: Suppresses appetite, delays gastric emptying, stimulates insulin secretion, lowers blood sugar.
- GIP: Enhances GLP-1 weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity.
- Pancreatic Glycogen (GCGR): Promotes fat breakdown, increases metabolic rate, reduces liver fat accumulation.
- Molecular characteristics: 39 amino acid peptide chains, fatty acid modified binding albumin, half-life of about 6 days, administration once a week.
II. Clinical efficacy (Phase III TRIUMPH-1,80 weeks)
- Applicable population: obese / overweight with at least one metabolic comorbidity (no diabetes).
- Dosage and weight loss:
4mg: Average weight loss of 17%.
9mg: Average weight loss of 24% (about 27 kg).
- 12 mg: Average weight loss of 28.7% (about 32 kg), the strongest weight loss drug currently.
- Additional benefits: significant improvements in blood sugar, lipids, blood pressure, fatty liver, knee arthritis pain and sleep apnea.
III. Use and Amount
- Mode of administration: Subcutaneous injection in the abdomen / thigh / upper arm, once a week for a fixed period of time.
- Dose titration: starting at 4 mg, up to 9 mg, 12 mg (maintenance) every 4-8 weeks.
IV. Safety and Side Effects
- Common: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, bloating (mild to moderate, with reduced tolerability).
- Rarely: low blood sugar (low risk), pancreatitis, gallbladder problems, injection site reactions.
Special: Skin paresthesia (numbness / tingling) occurs in about 5% of the 12 mg group.
- Contraindications: personal / family history of thyroid myeloid cancer, multiple endocrine adenomas type 2, pregnancy / lactation.
V. Indications (in research)
- Obesity / overweight long-term weight management.
- Glucose control for type 2 diabetes.
- metabolic-related fatty liver, knee osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea, reduced cardiovascular risk.
VI. Status and purchase
Status: May 2026 Phase III successful, not approved by FDA / EMA / NMPA, only bedside trial available.
- Warning: Black market / generic safety risks are extremely high, with unknown ingredients, insufficient purity, and uncontrollable side effects.
VII. Comparative advantages (vs semaglutide / Tirzepatide)
Target: Triple (GIP + GLP-1 + GCGR) vs single / double.
Weight loss: 28.7% (12 mg) vs 15% -22%.
- Improved metabolism: stronger fat breakdown and lower liver fat.